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On Financial Security and Retirement

Paul Kotschy

10 November 2025

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The financial security 1 and well-being of an individual investor are determined in part by the investor's overall net monetary worth. Net monetary worth in turn is determined by the interplay of financial variables, such as income from labour, living expenses, savings, the possession of assets such as a property or a business, taxes, and borrowings. Net monetary worth is therefore an important focal point in this study. By quantifying it, by tracking its change over time, and by imposing one or more constraints on it, this study demonstrates how an investor's financial security and well-being may be measured numerically. Along the way, important measures of present and/or future financial security are introduced. The numerical analysis presented here was applied in three case studies:

  1. The impact on net monetary worth of retaining versus selling an income-generating asset.
  2. The impact of a rising expense rate on an investor's present and future financial security.
  3. How present financial circumstances affect future financial security before and during retirement.


  1. 1 I declare this to be my own work, entirely. In particular, no AI was used in any research, analysis, synthesis, writing, nor typesetting of this work. In short, AI was not recruited at any time in this work. Errors and inaccuracies are therefore proudly my own.

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